In your application, you can access all the providers associated with your application through a collection of providers in the Membership class. Then just use the property of the value you are interested in.
Membership.Providers["ProviderName"].MaxInvalidPasswordAttempts
Or you can get the default provider using the following.
Membership.Provider.MaxInvalidPasswordAttempts
Membership is in the System.Web.Security namespace just in case.
Another approach, perhaps, is to write your own MemberhipProvider. Depending on how many settings you intend to make, your controllers will be cleaner if you process all your own authentication logic with your own provider.
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