The best language depends on how you model the solution, as some models work better with objects, so it is best to use OOP, some of them are best done in an iterative solution, etc.
So, you either choose a language, or first develop a solution, in some kind of language agnostic solution, for example, using some UML diagrams.
In any case, some restrictions are created, and then you do the other part with the restrictions imposed first.
You can do almost any problem with any complete language, but some languages are better suited, but, again, it depends on the solution to the problem and how you model the solution.
Any list will be very subjective based on a very important limitation, your familiarity with this language.
But you will find LISP in robots, for example, as well as in the script part of Autocad.
Smalltalk is used a lot in financial industries from what I heard.
If speed and size are important, then C or C ++ is probably the best choice, for example, in embedded systems, for example, dsps.
PHP and Perl, as well as Python, are used in scripts for sysadmin tasks, but they are also used in many other areas.
You select a problem and several languages, and I can give a design that will work for this problem, but the solutions will be different.
This is now becoming more interesting, since we have languages that cross paradigms, so Java and AOP can solve problems better than just Java. F # and Scala are hybrid languages, so they are functional and OOP. Javascript can be a functional language, although it is prototypical in design, but you can pretend to be OOP.