Finally managed to do it. Leaving the answer if someone is looking for the same. The solution works with Imagemagick 6.5.1.
So, we want to extract pages with numbers i in j from a.pdf into separate jpegs with files with names from-10.jpeg to a-20.jpeg.
convert a.pdf[ij] -set filename:page "%[fx:t+i]" a-%[filename:page].jpeg
In this case, the fx operators are used. fx: t gives the screen number of the current image in sequence, and we can add our offset to it.
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