Is it possible to use a method from the parent class in the overwritten version in my child element in javascript?
Yes:
ParentClass.prototype.methodName.call(this, arg1, arg2);
You can call the following in a rewritten version of a child class:
ParentClass.prototype.methodYouAreOverwriting.call(this);
If you are using a module template, check out this article: http://www.adequatelygood.com/2010/3/JavaScript-Module-Pattern-In-Depth