Dennis,
Based on a fairly large number of trial and error, the following worked for me:
1) The AttributeSet parameter in the catalogProductAttributeList () call must be an integer that Magento can identify as a known set of attributes. I worked with the default data that comes with Magento Go, and the numbers 9, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 44, 45, 46, 58, 59, 60, 61, and 62 worked. In this order, the total number of returns the attributes were 63, 67, 71, 68, 66, 68, 67, 65, 63, 63, 61, 63, 66 and 64. I see that a value of 9 should be sufficient for most products.
2) The second parameter in the catalogProductInfo () call must match the true Magento product_id. For example, if you are listing sales orders, the parameter might be the value of salesOrderItemEntity.product_id.
3) In addition to paragraph 2 above, the last parameter in the catalogProductInfo () call must be zero.
If you use SKU instead of product_id, then the second parameter should be the SKU of the product (not the product identifier), and the last parameter should be "sku".
Hope this helps.
PS: All attribute sets (corresponding to the 14 identifiers above, for example) can be listed with catalogProductAttributeSetList (), which returns an array of objcatalogProductAttributeSetEntity objects.