IMHO's main problem here is the length of the documents. I think I would call this classification of phrases, and this will work on Twitter. You can add additional text that does a web search of 30 words and then analyze the top matches. There is an article about this, but I can not find it right now. Then I tried to use the vector approach (tdf-idf, as in Jimmy's answer) and multiclass SVM for classification.
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