CIFS includes an update notification system. Explorer is registered for this and will display any changes that Samba sends. I do not know of any other API mechanism to tell Windows that it should update.
Samba supports Linux inotify, so it should automatically receive any changes to the folders that Explorer displays and transfers Explorer updates.
Are you using a recent version of Samba, and Samba was built with inotify support? This is obviously only Linux. For another Unix, you can implement equivalent functionality. The corresponding code is in smbd/notify_internal.c .
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