This authentication method is called OpenID . You can get information on the open id website.
If your webiste uses PHP on the server, here is a resource to get you started with OpenID and PHP
UPDATE
Since I posted this, the world of open federated authentication has changed a bit. If you are interested, you can find the OAuth v2 online link or check out these links: www.oauth.net and Google's OAuth2 resources are available here .
OAuth is based on OpenID concepts and extends functionality a bit, in particular in areas that not only provide authentication, but also provide authorization for applications using a centralized user select provider (for example, Google, Facebook, Twitter or your own :))
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