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Struts 2 JUnit Plugin v2.2.3: extension of the testing class StrutsTestCase; 'request' - null

I am trying to use Struts2 JUnit Plugin (v2.2.3 w / Struts2 v2.2.3) and have encountered several problems.

As a guide, I tried using the Struts2 JUnit Plugin Tutorial . The first change I needed to make (not in the manual) was to annotate my test class:

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) @ContextConfiguration(locations={"classpath*:applicationContext-test.xml"})

because I was getting an error when trying to run my unit test:

 SEVERE: [56:51.239] ********** FATAL ERROR STARTING UP STRUTS-SPRING INTEGRATION ********** Looks like the Spring listener was not configured for your web app! Nothing will work until WebApplicationContextUtils returns a valid ApplicationContext. You might need to add the following to web.xml: <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> </listener> SEVERE: [56:51.254] Dispatcher initialization failed

This is different from a textbook - does anyone know why I need this?

I also had to add the following Spring Jars (I have the required Struts2 banks included in my class path):

  • spring - beans -2.5.6.jar
  • spring -context-2.5.6.jar
  • spring -core-2.5.6.jar
  • spring -test-2.5.6.jar
  • spring -web-2.5.6.jar

I do not use Spring w / in my struts application, but I assume that these banks are needed to use the mock request object, etc. in a StrutsTestCase .

My testing class:

 package com.actions; import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException; import java.util.List; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import org.apache.log4j.Logger; import org.apache.struts2.StrutsTestCase; import org.junit.Test; import org.junit.runner.RunWith; import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration; import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner; import com.beans.LabelValueBean; @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) @ContextConfiguration(locations={"classpath*:applicationContext-test.xml"}) public class DocumentCategoryTest extends StrutsTestCase { private static Logger log = Logger.getLogger(DocumentCategoryTest .class); /** * Testing RetrieveDocumentTypesForDocumentCategory * Expecting the List<LabelValueBean> is not null * @throws ServletException * @throws UnsupportedEncodingException */ @Test public void testRetrieveDocumentTypesForDocumentCategory() throws UnsupportedEncodingException, ServletException { final String docCategory = "Employment"; //set parameters request.setParameter("documentCategoryDescription", docCategory); //execute the action executeAction("/recipient/RetrieveDocumentTypesForDocumentCategory.action"); //retrieve the document types @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") List<LabelValueBean> testDocTypeList = (List<LabelValueBean>) findValueAfterExecute("documentTypes"); //make sure the document type list is not null and has at least one document type assertNotNull(testDocTypeList); assertTrue("At least one document type should exist for category 'Employment'", testDocTypeList.size() > 0); //print types log.debug("Document types for category '" + docCategory + "'"); log.debug(testDocTypeList); } }

When I execute the action, I get a NullPointerException in the request.setParameter code snippet:

 java.lang.NullPointerException at com.actions.DocumentCategoryTest.testRetrieveDocumentTypesForDocumentCategory(DocumentCategoryTest.java:38) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Unknown Source) at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringTestMethod.invoke(SpringTestMethod.java:160) at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringMethodRoadie.runTestMethod(SpringMethodRoadie.java:233) at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringMethodRoadie$RunBeforesThenTestThenAfters.run(SpringMethodRoadie.java:333) at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringMethodRoadie.runWithRepetitions(SpringMethodRoadie.java:217) at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringMethodRoadie.runTest(SpringMethodRoadie.java:197) at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringMethodRoadie.run(SpringMethodRoadie.java:143) at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.invokeTestMethod(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:160) at org.junit.internal.runners.JUnit4ClassRunner.runMethods(JUnit4ClassRunner.java:51) at org.junit.internal.runners.JUnit4ClassRunner$1.run(JUnit4ClassRunner.java:44) at org.junit.internal.runners.ClassRoadie.runUnprotected(ClassRoadie.java:27) at org.junit.internal.runners.ClassRoadie.runProtected(ClassRoadie.java:37) at org.junit.internal.runners.JUnit4ClassRunner.run(JUnit4ClassRunner.java:42) at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:97) at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:49) at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38) at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:467) at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:683) at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:390) at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:197)

This is because, for some reason, request is null in StrutsTestCase . Why is this? I do what the textbook dictates!

My action class extends another class ( BaseAction ), which extends ActionSupport and implements SessionAware .

 package com.actions; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.List; import java.util.Map; import java.util.Set; import java.util.TreeSet; import org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils; import org.apache.log4j.Logger; import com.actions.BaseAction; /** * Retrieves the document types for the passed in document category */ public class DocumentIndexingData extends BaseAction { private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; private static Logger log = Logger.getLogger(DocumentIndexingData.class); /*========================================================================= * FIELDS *=========================================================================*/ /** * The description to use to look up the document types for that category */ private String documentCategoryDescription; /** * List of document types for a category */ private List<LabelValueBean> documentTypes; /*========================================================================= * PUBLIC METHODS *=========================================================================*/ /** * Retrieves & sets list of document types for document category with passed in ID * * @return If there is an error, document type will be set to ERROR; SUCCESS is always returned by this method */ public String retrieveDocumentTypesForDocumentCategory() { List<LabelValueBean> docTypes = new ArrayList<LabelValueBean>(); //retrieve document types for passed in category ID log.debug("looking up document types for category: " + getDocumentCategoryDescription()); //////////////// //retrieve the document types for the document category here... //////////////// this.setDocumentTypes(docTypes); log.debug("document types found: " + getDocumentTypes()); return SUCCESS; } /*========================================================================= * GETTERS/SETTERS *=========================================================================*/ /** * Retrieves the list of document types * * @return list of document types */ public List<LabelValueBean> getDocumentTypes() { return documentTypes; } /** * Sets the list of document types * * @param documentTypes */ public void setDocumentTypes(List<LabelValueBean> documentTypes) { this.documentTypes = documentTypes; } /** * Retrieves the document category to retrieve document types for * * @return the document category */ public String getDocumentCategoryDescription() { return documentCategoryDescription; } /** * Sets the document category to retrieve document types for * * @param documentCategoryDescription the document category to retrieve document types for */ public void setDocumentCategoryDescription(String documentCategoryDescription) { this.documentCategoryDescription = documentCategoryDescription; } }

struts.xml entry:

 <!-- indexing attributes action --> <action name="RetrieveDocumentTypesForDocumentCategory" class="com.actions.DocumentIndexingData" method="retrieveDocumentTypesForDocumentCategory"> <result type="json"> <param name="root">documentTypes</param> </result> </action>

I carefully follow the tutorial, why is request null? Thank you so much for any help!

UPDATE (My solution! Via @Alex): Now I only have the following Struts JARs included in my class path:

  • struts2-junit-plugin-2.2.3.jar
  • spring - beans -2.5.6.jar
  • spring -context-2.5.6.jar
  • spring -core-2.5.6.jar
  • spring -test-2.5.6.jar
  • spring -web-2.5.6.jar

Test example:

  public class MyTest extends StrutsTestCase {  

         @Test
         public void testMyAction () throws Exception {  

             request.setParameter ("aParameter", "aValue");

             // create action proxy
             ActionProxy proxy = getActionProxy ("/ test / MyAction");
             assertNotNull (proxy);       
             MyAction action = (MyAction) proxy.getAction ();
             assertNotNull (action);

             // execute the action
             String result = proxy.execute ();

             // make assertions, expecting success and no error messags   
             assertTrue ("There should be no field errors:" + action.getFieldErrors (), action.getFieldErrors (). size () == 0);
             assertTrue ("There should be no action errors:" + action.getActionErrors (), action.getActionErrors (). size () == 0);
             assertEquals ("Result did not match expected value;", Action.SUCCESS, result);
         } 
     }
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I do not use Spring w / in my struts application, but I assume that these banks are necessary for using the mock request object and such in StrutsTestCase.

Given the exception messages you see above your application, it is believed that it uses Spring. Do you have Struts2-Spring-Plugin on your classpath? If you are not using Spring for IoC, you should not include it in your classpath.

You can test your actions by following the manual you referenced without Spring jars if you are not using Spring. Try to remove all Spring banners and struts2-Spring-plug-in jar. You also definitely don't need:

 @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) @ContextConfiguration(locations={"classpath*:applicationContext-test.xml"})

in your test class if you are not using Spring.

Also check that your struts.xml does not contain this line:

<constant name="struts.objectFactory" value="org.apache.struts2.spring.StrutsSpringObjectFactory"/>

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