Please tell me how can I add a new vertex in the vertex shader?
A vertex shader converts only vertices. If you need to derive additional geometry based on input vertices, you will need a geometric shader .
You can add vertices using the geometric shader http://www.opengl.org/wiki/Geometry_Shader
"GS can create new primitives, unlike vertex shaders, which are limited to a 1: 1 ratio to output."
You can not. What geometry shaders for.