The list of possible currencies ultimately comes from many XML files in /lib/Zend/Locale/Data , in particular, root.xml always consulted. Check if this folder exists and contains about 400 or more of these files. Also, check that they are all available to the web user on your server.
The file \app\code\core\Mage\Core\Model\Locale\Config.php is probably used only for the default values ββduring installation or configuration.
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