Try:
send_file Rails.public_path.join('uploads', "#{uploaded_file.original_filename}.filtered")
Please note that if you have files in the public directory, they can be sent directly, so you can redirect to the generated URL for the element (although this may not be very REST-ful).
Edit:
Due to the non-standard .filtered file extension, you may need to do something like:
send_file Rails.public_path.join('uploads', "#{uploaded_file.original_filename}.filtered"), :type => 'application/xml', :disposition => 'attachment'
Change the value of :type to match the type of contents of the file being served.
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