In basic terms, Mac programming can be, albeit a βsupersetβ of iPhone programming. Please note that this is not entirely true, but gives an approximate idea of ββthings.
There are things like garbage collection, foundation classes, Cocoa Bindings, Carbon, etc., which do not have an iOS presence.
So, to answer your first question, noit is not the same, but similar.
There are some excellent answers to a similar question: From programming iPhone to Mac
In general, the resources you want to start with are owned by Apple, provided on the Mac Dec Center website. http://developer.apple.com/devcenter/mac/index.action
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