Windows Identity Foundation (WIF) provides single sign-on capabilities using the SAML protocol, which is an open standard. Therefore, to implement the WIF functionality in PHP, you just need to use one of the SAML PHP libraries.
There are several options, but SimpleSAML is probably the most reliable, and I was able to get it to work for a PHP application that accepted claims from AD FS STS. We also used the same library in Drupal (with minor changes) to enable single sign-on.
Hope this helps.
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