I would suggest that they are in the UI thread, since Android does such a big job of storing UI actions in the UI thread. When commit() called, these transactions are definitely executed in the user interface thread, as specified in the documentation .
Sounds like you can easily test it with
Log.d("Fragment", "thread = " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
If it is in the "main" thread, then it is in the user interface thread.
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