Yes, gdb can debug basic dumps just like running programs. Assuming that a.out is the name of your program's executable and that a.core is the name of your main file, call gdb as follows:
gdb a.out a.core
And then you can debug, as usual, except that you cannot continue execution in any way (even if you could, the program would just work again). You can check stack trace, registers, memory, etc.
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