PHP uses 32-bit integers.
32-bit integer limited to 2,147,483,647
In the third example, the value is full. Think of it as a KM car counter. Its restriction to a certain value (in our case 2,147,483,647), and as soon as you pass this value back to 0.
This can cause a problem, a 2038 problem (remember the 2000 mistake? A similar concept).
In the “Minutes of the PHP Developers Meeting”, there was a suggestion to add a 64-bit integer , I'm not sure how far it went and what their policy governs time-related functions.
Hope this help :)
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