Is it always safe to pass an empty argument as a keyword argument?

Question

Are there any cases when

f(arg1, arg2..., argN) 

works and produces the result and

 f(arg1, arg2..., argN, **{} ) 

gives a different result or causes an error?

I assume **kwds is not yet in the argument list.

The context is that I am writing a functor containing a function and arguments for further evaluation and want to support optional keywords.

Answer 1

Yes, it is always safe. These two calls are completely equivalent, and the f() function does not have the ability to distinguish between them (except, of course, the introspection of the source code).