Try going to https://account.windowsazure.com/Subscriptions (log in if necessary), and once you are there, click on the appropriate subscription. This will lead you to the billing summary page for the account.
By default, it only shows general usage metrics — you probably exceeded one of them, and it should be easy for you to figure out which component placed you, but if not, try clicking on the drop-down menu that says “Show Common Usage” and change it to “ Show all usage. "
As for your second question, the disconnect / re-enable cycle occurs monthly, and if you had your account for more than a month, it should have been “tied” to a period that covers from the first to the last month. If not, your period may vary, starting from the first day you had an account, up to 30 days after it and “linking” at that moment, or it can be a pro-rating period, which is the last from the first day of your account day of the same month, using quotas for use in it.
Regardless of the fact that your material should be re-included on the first day of the next billing period (which may be today or, possibly, September 1, depending on what transferred you).
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