Short answer
Yes, you can create / edit a form programmatically using the form service Class Form
Note. Currently, it is not possible to make changes to the form / questions based on user input, for example, to create cascading drop-down lists.
Extended answer
The following are specific methods for adding each type of question to a Google form.
Method Return type Brief description
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addCheckboxItem () CheckboxItem Appends a new question item that allows the respondent to select one or more checkboxes, as well as an optional "other" field.
addDateItem () DateItem Appends a new question item that allows the respondent to indicate a date.
addDateTimeItem () DateTimeItem Appends a new question item that allows the respondent to indicate a date and time.
addDurationItem () DurationItem Appends a new question item that allows the respondent to indicate a length of time.
addGridItem () GridItem Appends a new question item, presented as a grid of columns and rows, that allows the respondent to select one choice per row from a sequence of radio buttons.
addListItem () ListItem Appends a new question item that allows the respondent to select one choice from a drop-down list.
addMultipleChoiceItem () MultipleChoiceItem Appends a new question item that allows the respondent to select one choice from a list of radio buttons or an optional "other" field.
addParagraphTextItem () ParagraphTextItem Appends a new question item that allows the respondent to enter a block of text.
addScaleItem () ScaleItem Appends a new question item that allows the respondent to choose one option from a numbered sequence of radio buttons.
addTextItem () TextItem Appends a new question item that allows the respondent to enter a single line of text.
addTimeItem () TimeItem Appends a new question item that allows the respondent to indicate a time of day.
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