Protocol exchange (depending on how the settings are configured) is almost always RPC over HTTP / HTTPS as a mobile user. ActiveSync is an alternative, but has several advantages.
The problem you may encounter is that MS Exchange has client access policies that require the Exchange server to have some control over the phone (mandatory PIN, remote phone wipe, etc., which is probably needs root access). There are also requirements for a certificate of trust.
If you are developing a platform for the home, you may be quicker to look at IMAP, the exchange of which will be quite good.
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