you need to install the php-mbstring package try.
check php version
php -v
then check mbstring already install and enable
php -i | grep mbstring
if not installed, run this command
sudo apt-get install php-mbstring
if you php another example version : 7.1, 7.2, 7.0 based on the run command, for example:
sudo apt-get install php7.1-mbstring
if you use the nginx server to run laravel .. then check the nginx configuration file, which version you downloaded to the conf ..
go to cd/etc/nginx/sites-available and open your configuration file .. if you download the php7.2 version to the nginx conf file ..
fastcgi_pass unix: /var/run/php/php7.1-fpm.sock;
then you need to install the 7.2 mbstring package ..
sudo apt-get install php7.2-mbstring
and restart apache2 server
sudo service apache2 restart
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