Intent is an abstract operation that you need to perform, even determine your intention and make some intent filters in another application.
Defining an intent filter in another application means that if the user invokes this intent, your application will be able to process it. For example, you wrote "Show address on Google Maps" - this is not entirely accurate, the goal is to show these coordinates on the map - and not just the google map , if you have another map provider (for example, yandex {in Russia) ) - after calling the "map" system of intent, you ask where you want to show your coordinates - google or yandex.
I think that all definitions of basic intentions can be found here . Also, even intentions by default can have parameters - for example, when you take a photo from a camera \ gallery, you can ask your system to crop this image with a given size \ ratio.
As I see it, the best way to share this expiration is with something like a wiki with examples (even with creating your own custom intent). People often seek guidance on how to perform certain actions - some text with an explanation, I think, will be better than a library.