Ubuntu pip provided by the python-pip package. You can install it in the Software Center or, if you prefer to use the command line:
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install python-pip
If you have not installed python-dev and build-essential yet, you should also install them. (But it looks like your apt-get command could have installed them successfully. If you are not sure, you can check by trying to install them again. Or using the apt-cache policy python-dev build-essential .)
After installing the necessary software, if you want to update it further, you can do this using pip itself by running:
sudo pip install
Source: How to install pip in Ubuntu using Eliot (deprecated, but still applicable).
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