Item item = db.Items.FirstOrDefault(i => i.typeID == 1);
Keep in mind that if you are not using a primary key, then there may be more than one item matching your request. You can use FirstOrDefault as in the example above to get the first (if any) element that matches the query.
To get all elements with the specified type identifier, use Where :
var items = db.Items.Where(i => i.typeID == 1);
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