Some types of BT devices (i.e. hands-free modules, BT headsets), of course, do not have to be MFi.
Serial communication, on the other hand, is a completely different story. The BT accessory should implement an identification process - usually using an identification chip.
Interestingly, SPP (Serial Port Profile) is not even listed in the supported profiles.
But on the windowsill you can find some GPS MFi modules.
And this module is also interesting: OEM Bluetooth module for iPhone / iOS OBS414
You need to enter the MFi program before you can even get the technical specifications. Otherwise, the manufacturer will violate the NDA.
There is another workaround on how to communicate via BT: you can always implement the FSK hardware (or a similar modem) on the one hand (BT audio communication) and a software analogue of the application.
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