One very effective approach is to grow the tree more slowly. That is, instead of expanding the tree every time you reach the leaf node, you expand it when it has at least k visits. This will significantly slow down the growth of the tree and often does not reduce productivity. One of the authors of the Fuego Go program told me that he tried the approach, and in practice it worked well.
This idea was originally described in this article:
Remy Cool Efficient selectivity and backup operators in the search for the Monte Carlo tree. In the Computers and Games Section, pp. 72-83. Springer, 2007.
It has also been used in:
Max Roshke and Nathan Stertevant. UCT improvements in Chinese shahs using the Endgame database, IJCAI Workshop on computer games, 2013.
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