I cded into my Ruby installation directory and ran grep -r ', \*\*' .and found that yes, there are methods in stdlib that use **kwargs, but only in the library open3.rb.
./lib/ruby/2.1.0/open3.rb: def popen3(*cmd, **opts, &block)
./lib/ruby/2.1.0/open3.rb: def popen2(*cmd, **opts, &block)
./lib/ruby/2.1.0/open3.rb: def popen2e(*cmd, **opts, &block)
./lib/ruby/2.1.0/open3.rb: def capture3(*cmd, stdin_data: '', binmode: false, **opts)
./lib/ruby/2.1.0/open3.rb: def capture2(*cmd, stdin_data: '', binmode: false, **opts)
./lib/ruby/2.1.0/open3.rb: def capture2e(*cmd, stdin_data: '', binmode: false, **opts)
./lib/ruby/2.1.0/open3.rb: def pipeline_rw(*cmds, **opts, &block)
./lib/ruby/2.1.0/open3.rb: def pipeline_r(*cmds, **opts, &block)
./lib/ruby/2.1.0/open3.rb: def pipeline_w(*cmds, **opts, &block)
./lib/ruby/2.1.0/open3.rb: def pipeline_start(*cmds, **opts, &block)
./lib/ruby/2.1.0/open3.rb: def pipeline(*cmds, **opts)
EDIT
@mdesantis rb_get_kwargs; , C-, args.
Dir.new( string, encoding: enc ) -> aDir
Array
Array
GC.start(full_mark: false) -> nil