Simultaneous execution is the use of several resources (cores, HW threads, etc.) to simultaneously perform several tasks. Tasks should not interact in any way; you can have two different applications running on two different kernels, for example.
We can say that the art of designing a system for the simultaneous execution of several tasks deals with simultaneous execution. Hyper-threading, for example. also called "SMT" - simultaneous multithreading, since it is related to the ability to simultaneously launch two threads with their full context on the same core (this is the Intels approach, AMD has a slightly different solution, see the Difference between Intel and AMD multithreading )
Concurrency - , , OS, , , , , . , . , concurrency , ( ). ( , , -, ), (, TLB), " ".
, - , , .
( - , :) - Concurrency vs Parallelism - ?