All lines in your code from the question are bytes (a sequence of bytes). They can represent anything, including text encoded in some character encoding.
homeDir = os.path.expanduser("~")
fullPath = homeDir + "/.config"
print fullPath
print, , . , .
Python 3 from __future__ import unicode_literals, - Unicode. :
from __future__ import unicode_literals
homeDir = os.path.expanduser("~")
fullPath = homeDir + "/.config"
print(fullPath)
( PYTHONIOENCODING ).
POSIX ( ), , . Python 3 docs:
Python , . , . Python (. sys.getfilesystemencoding()).
3.1: . Python surrogateescape , , unecodable Unicode U + DCxx .
, fullPath U+DCxx, print(fullPath) , . os.fsencode(fullPath) , .