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How can I multiply and split 64-bit ints exactly?

I have a C function:

int64_t fn(int64_t a, int32_t b, int32_t c, int32_t d)
{
    /* should return (a * b * c)/d */   
}

It is possible that it is close to INT64_MAX, but it does not overflow for the final result, for example, if b = 1, c = d = 40. However, I find it difficult to figure out how to calculate this so that I never lose data for rounding (doing the separation first) or overflow intermediate result.

If I had access to a data type large enough to fit the whole product a, b, and c, I would just do the math in that type and then truncate, but is there any way to do this without large integers

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4 answers

a = q*d + r |r| < |d| ( d != 0, ). (a*b*c)/d = q*b*c + (r*b*c)/d. q*b*c , , , . r*b*c , , ,

int64_t q = a/d, r = a%d;
int64_t part1 = q*b*c;
int64_t q1 = (r*b)/d, r1 = (r*b)%d;
return part1 + q1*c + (r1*c)/d;
+5

, , int64_t. , fn(INT64_MAX, 2, 1, 1). , int64_t.

int64_t fn(int64_t a, int32_t b, int32_t c, int32_t d)
{
    /* find the integer and remainder portions of a/d */
    int64_t leftI = a / d;
    int64_t leftR = a % d;

    /* multiply the integer portion of the result by b and c */
    int64_t resultI = leftI * b * c;

    /* multiply the remainder portion by b */
    int64_t resultR = leftR * b;
    resultI = resultI + (resultR / d) * c;

    /* multiply the remainder portion by c */
    resultR = (resultR % d) * c;

    return resultI + (resultR / d);
}
+1

d a, b c, :

common = gcd(a,d) // You can implement GCD using Euclid algorithm

a=a/common
d=d/common

common = gcd(b,d)
b=b/common
d=d/common

common = gcd(c,d)
c=c/common
d=d/common

a*b*c/d . GCD , .

+1

x86_64, asm 128- :

int64_t fn(uint64_t a, uint64_t b, uint64_t c, uint64_t d) {

    asm (
        "mulq %1\n"          // a *= b
        "movq %%rbx, %%rdx\n"// rbx = upper 64 bit of the multiplication
        "mulq %2\n"          // multiply the lower 64 bits by c
        "push %%rax\n"       // temporarily save the lowest 64 bits on the stack
        "mov %%rcx, %%rdx\n" // rcx = upper 64 bits of the multiplication
        "movq %%rax, %%rbx\n"// 
        "mulq %2\n"          // multiply the upper 64 bits by c
        "addq %%rax, %%rcx\n"// combine the middle 64 bits
        "addcq %%rdx, $0\n"  // transfer carry tp the higest 64 bits if present
        "divq %3\n"          // divide the upper 128 (of 192) bits by d
        "mov %%rbx, %%rax\n" // rbx = result
        "pop %%rax\n"
        "divq %3\n"          // divide remainder:lower 64 bits by d
        : "+a" (a)           // assigns a to rax register as in/out
        , "+b" (b)           // assigns b to rbx register
        : "g" (c)            // assigns c to random register
        , "g" (d)            // assigns d to random register
        : "edx", "rdx"       // tells the compiler that edx/rdx will be used internally, but does not need any input
    );

    // b now holds the upper 64 bit if (a * b * c / d) > UINT64_MAX
    return a;
}

, . . .

div mul x86 , . , , .

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