@Christian, , , :
df.rename(columns={element: re.sub(r'$ (.+)',r'\1', element, flags = re.MULTILINE) for element in df.columns.tolist()})
- , :
df.rename(columns={element: re.sub(r'(.+)',r'x_\1', element) for element in df.columns.tolist()})
inplace = True, .