The difference between os.close (0) and sys.stdin.close ()

Question

I am working on some Python code, which is a CGI script called from Apache.

The first thing the code does (I believe) is trying to close stdin / stdout / stderr with the following:

    for fd in [0, 1, 2]:
    try:
        os.close(fd)
    except Exception:
        pass

This usually works, however, if they are not open, I get the message "python.exe stopped working", "error message" Error caused a program error ") (Win32 exception).

A couple of questions:

• What is the difference between closing via os.close (handle number) and sys.stdin.close (), etc.
• Assuming I should close using both mechanisms, how can I verify that the handle is actually open (i.e. calling os.close will not cause Python to crash)

Answer 1

, , os.close() - python OS close(). Python , , close().

OS close() . , sys.stdin.close() - os.close(sys.stdin.fileno())

close() , Python . closed, , :

>>> import os

>>> f = open(os.devnull)
>>> f.close()
>>> f.close()
>>> f.close()
>>> f.close()
>>> f.close()
>>> print f.closed
True

, sys.FD close(), pythonic.

Update

python, (fileobjects.c):

static PyObject *
file_close(PyFileObject *f)
{
    PyObject *sts = close_the_file(f);
    if (sts) {
        PyMem_Free(f->f_setbuf);
        f->f_setbuf = NULL;
    }
    return sts;
}

PyDoc_STRVAR(close_doc,
"close() -> None or (perhaps) an integer.  Close the file.\n"
"\n"
"Sets data attribute .closed to True.  A closed file cannot be used for\n"
"further I/O operations.  close() may be called more than once without\n"
"error.  Some kinds of file objects (for example, opened by popen())\n"
"may return an exit status upon closing.");

close_the_file (f);

static PyObject *
close_the_file(PyFileObject *f)
{
    int sts = 0;
    int (*local_close)(FILE *);
    FILE *local_fp = f->f_fp;
    char *local_setbuf = f->f_setbuf;
    if (local_fp != NULL) {
        local_close = f->f_close; // get fs close() method

        /* SOME CONCURRENCY STUFF HERE... */

        f->f_fp = NULL;
        if (local_close != NULL) {
            f->f_setbuf = NULL;
            Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS
            errno = 0;
            sts = (*local_close)(local_fp); // Call the close()
            Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS
            f->f_setbuf = local_setbuf;
            if (sts == EOF)
                return PyErr_SetFromErrno(PyExc_IOError);
            if (sts != 0)
                return PyInt_FromLong((long)sts);
        }
    }
    Py_RETURN_NONE;
}

close()?

static PyObject *
fill_file_fields(PyFileObject *f, FILE *fp, PyObject *name, char *mode,
                 int (*close)(FILE *))
{
    ...
    f->f_close = close;
    ...
}

os ( posixmodule.c):

/* This file is also used for Windows NT/MS-Win and OS/2.  In that case the
   module actually calls itself 'nt' or 'os2', not 'posix', and a few
   functions are either unimplemented or implemented differently.  The source
   assumes that for Windows NT, the macro 'MS_WINDOWS' is defined independent
   of the compiler used.  Different compilers define their own feature
   test macro, e.g. '__BORLANDC__' or '_MSC_VER'.  For OS/2, the compiler
   independent macro PYOS_OS2 should be defined.  On OS/2 the default
   compiler is assumed to be IBMs VisualAge C++ (VACPP).  PYCC_GCC is used
   as the compiler specific macro for the EMX port of gcc to OS/2. */

PyDoc_STRVAR(posix_close__doc__,
"close(fd)\n\n\
Close a file descriptor (for low level IO).");

/*
The underscore at end of function name avoids a name clash with the libc
function posix_close.
*/
static PyObject *
posix_close_(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    int fd, res;
    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "i:close", &fd))
        return NULL;
    if (!_PyVerify_fd(fd))
        return posix_error();
    Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS
    res = close(fd);  // close the file descriptor fd
    Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS
    if (res < 0)
        return posix_error(); // AKA raise OSError()
    Py_INCREF(Py_None);
    return Py_None;
}

, OSError:

static PyObject *
posix_error(void)
{
    return PyErr_SetFromErrno(PyExc_OSError);
}

, os.close(fd) OSError, . file.close() fclose(FILE *f) .