Yes, you can do something like this:
autocmd FileType javascript let b:syntastic_checkers = findfile('.eslintrc', '.;') != '' ? ['eslint'] : ['standard']
: , :
autocmd FileType javascript - , filetype javascript ( )b:syntastic_checkers , , g:syntastic_javascript_checkersfindfile('.eslintrc', ...) - .eslintrc....; -...!= '' ? - ...['eslint'] -... b:syntastic_checkers ['eslint']: ['standard'] -... ['standard']
, .