from my observations (in Qt 4.8), the signals are layout*()triggered when the proxy model is sorted, but not when using filtering. documents also explicitly refer to the order of the elements that are implied by these signals, and, of course, filtering does not change the order, but only affects the lines.
rows*(...) (, ..), , . , ( , ), , .
, invalidate() ( invalidateFilter btw, ).
( , ), layout*() , .
/regExp/what , (, setFilterFixedString(...)), , , , - , filterAcceptsRow(...).
, Qt::QueuedConnection, , . ( ), , , .