Notification here android:exported="true", it allowed access activity outside the sample application of another application. Or you can put the Intent Filter in the same activity as for accessing
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
This allows you to open
<activity
android:name=".activity.LoginActivity"
android:hardwareAccelerated="false"
android:exported="true"
android:label="@string/app_name"
android:screenOrientation="portrait"
android:windowSoftInputMode="stateHidden" >
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
In your example, ValidationInstrumentationTestActivity Activity does not have android: exported = true or target-filter, so you get a "Permission Denial: start intent exception
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