I can confirm the problem with PyQt 5.6, and I assume this is an error.
It seems that QTextEdit has a white background rectangle by default, and it is drawn on top of the background specified in the stylesheet if there is no background color in the stylesheet, but not if the background color is specified in the stylesheet.
Why is this so, I do not know. We could check the sources of Qt and / or report an error there.
But you also found a workaround (specifying the background color as white or whatever you like), so I recommend doing this.
source share