The keys are indeed included in CoreLocation.framework and are listed in the Cocoa Keys section. Link to the list of information properties.
NSLocationUsageDescription (iOS 6.0 and later, OS X version 10.9 and later)
Indicates the reason for accessing the location information of users. See the NSLocationUsageDescription for more details.
NSLocationWhenInUseUsageDescription (iOS 8.0 and later, OS X version 10.10 and later)
Indicates the reason for accessing the location information of users. See NSLocationWhenInUseUsageDescription for more information.
NSLocationAlwaysUsageDescription (iOS 8.0 and later, OS X version 10.10 and later)
Indicates the reason for accessing the location information of users. See NSLocationAlwaysUsageDescription for details.
Adding the NSLocationUsageDescription key to Info.plist automatically converted to human-readable (Privacy - Description of the use of location):


When the application starts, I am presented with the above dialog box, which includes a description. It is unclear what exactly you tried, although from basic testing the functionality seems to work.
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