OK, for those who are interested in learning, I realized what it was: the program / system / bin / su either accepts the request as is (depending on who is asking), or passes the request to some other program (Superuser. APK )
As it turned out, I still have / system / bin / su, but Superuser.apk is missing. Fortunately, / system / bin / su did a great job with the "adb shell", although when using ConnectBot and other terminal emulators, it said "Permission denied". So I used the "adb shell" to gain root access and manually copy Superuser.apk to / system / apps.
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