What is the difference in cache and closely related memory

Due to the fact that it is built into the CPU. TCM has Harvard architecture, so there is ITCM (TCM instruction) and DTCM (TCM data). DTCM may not contain any, but ITCM may actually contain data. The DTCM or ITCM size is at least 4KiB, so the typical minimum configuration is 4KiB ITCM and 4KiB DTCM.

Tcm seems to have the same purpose as cache memory.

No. They did not use the word cache in the explanation.

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The cache uses access patterns to populate cache data. It has additional equipment for tracking the return address and can communicate with other system objects (SMP) to track when the cache line is dirty (someone wrote something in the primary memory).

"TCM" (tightly coupled memory) is probably fast, multi-core SRAM, such as cache. Both have a fast dedicated connection to the CPU. However, the overhead for implementing TCM is much less than the cache. Typically, TCM is detected on low-end ARM devices (deeply embedded, possibly Cortex-M).

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