The cache uses access patterns to populate cache data. It has additional equipment for tracking the return address and can communicate with other system objects (SMP) to track when the cache line is dirty (someone wrote something in the primary memory).
"TCM" (tightly coupled memory) is probably fast, multi-core SRAM, such as cache. Both have a fast dedicated connection to the CPU. However, the overhead for implementing TCM is much less than the cache. Typically, TCM is detected on low-end ARM devices (deeply embedded, possibly Cortex-M).
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