HTML can't even do this, and Markdown is a subset of HTML, so the answer is no.
For example, your list will be presented like this (when rendering Markdown):
<ol>
<li>This is a numbered item</li>
<li>This is another numbered item</li>
<li>Same as 1</li>
</ol>
, , . . , . .
HTML, :
<ol>
<li id="item1">This is a numbered item</li>
<li id="item2">This is another numbered item</li>
<li id="item3">Same as <a href="#item1>1</a></li>
</ol>
, . , , . :
<ol>
<li is="item0">This is the very first item</li>
<li id="item1">This is a numbered item</li>
<li id="item2">This is another numbered item</li>
<li id="item3">Same as <a href="#item1>2</a></li>
</ol>
. . , :
<a href="#item1>1</a>
:
<a href="#item1>2</a>
- ( "1" "2" ). . - HTML , , JavaScript / CSS, .
, , . HTML. Markdown? :
Markdown HTML . , HTML.
Markdown .
, - , - , Markdown/HTML.