You need to assign back
df = df.replace('white', np.nan)
or pass param inplace=True:
In [50]:
d = {'color' : pd.Series(['white', 'blue', 'orange']),
'second_color': pd.Series(['white', 'black', 'blue']),
'value' : pd.Series([1., 2., 3.])}
df = pd.DataFrame(d)
df.replace('white', np.nan, inplace=True)
df
Out[50]:
color second_color value
0 NaN NaN 1.0
1 blue black 2.0
2 orange blue 3.0
Most pandas ops return a copy, and most of them have a parameter inplace, which is usually the defaultFalse