No. As noted in other cases, the operator ^in C is beaten out or not power. But you can use the built-in function:
inline double Sqr(double x) {return x*x;}
// ...
if (Sqr(x - center_x) + Sqr(y - center_y) < Sqr(radius)) // ...
Regarding your question,
fabs (Sqr(x - center_x) + Sqr(y - center_y) - Sqr(radius) ) < EPS
means that (x, y) is on the circumference of a circle.
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