Depends on your access to the field.
PHP itself will not be able to work autonomously. You can make a script that constantly tries to increase execution time, sleep, and regularly check for new tasks. But this is not optimal, since you have to access it through the browser once, and the script will need to make sure that it works only once.
With access to the shell, you can run the php script in the shell, which would prevent it from being publicly accessible and need to run it through the webbrowser.
With access to the shell, you can also run a program that provides you a service (cron). Be it Java, Python or another program.
Cron operations should not slow down the server. It depends on the work performed. If your workplaces are so expensive that your administrator will probably not work properly with cron closed jobs and slow down the server in any case, and may take further action to prevent you from working.
Kissaki
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