Target Size / Base Size = Value
Since we can assume that browsers use 16px by default (after all, what Jonathan Snook suggested was 62.5% - 10 pixels), then your base is 16. If you want 32px, then 32/16 32 / 16 = 2 , you want 40px, then 40/16 40 / 16 = 2.5 , you want 24, then 24/16 24 / 16 = 1.5 .
The same goes for 75% ... Determine what 75% is (12), and do the same calculation. If you want 32px, then 32 / 12 = 2.666 , you want 40px, then 32 / 12 = 2.666 , you want 24, then 24/12 24 / 12 = 2 .
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