tl; dr: text/markdown since March 2016
In March 2016, text/markdown was registered as RFC7763 at the IETF .
It used to be text/x-markdown . The text below describes the situation until March 2016, when RFC7763 was still a draft.
There is no official recommendation for the definition of Grubers , but the topic has been discussed quite strongly on the official mailing list and has reached the choice of text/x-markdown .
This conclusion was disputed later , was confirmed and maybe, IMO, is considered consensus.
This is the only logical conclusion in the absence of the official mime type: text/ will provide the correct default almost everywhere, x- , because we do not use the official markdown type, and not gruber. or whatever the type is now so common.
However, there are unknowns regarding the different Markdown “flavors”. I think someone should register an official type, which is supposedly easy , but I doubt that someone would dare to do this outside of John Gruber, since he recently proved his affection for Markdown.
There is a draft in the IETF, but the content doesn't seem to describe Markdown at all, so I won’t use it until it is more complete.
MattiSG Sep 12 '14 at 15:51 2014-09-12 15:51
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