Overview:
Sorry to be a bad news responder, but after researching and debugging it is pretty clear that there is no way to customize the style of the new reCAPTCHA controls. The controls are wrapped in an iframe , which prevents the use of CSS for their styles, and a policy of the same origin prevents JavaScript from accessing the content, excluding even a hacker solution.
Why is there no customization API ?:
Unlike reCAPTCHA API version 1.0 , there are no settings in API Version 2.0 . If we look at how this new API works, it is not surprising why.
While the new reCAPTCHA API may seem simple, there is a high degree of complexity behind this modest flag. CAPTCHAs have long relied on the inability of robots to solve distorted text. However, our studies recently showed that today's artificial intelligence technology can solve even the most complex version of distorted text with an accuracy of 99.8%. Thus, garbled text alone is no longer a reliable test.
To counter this, last year we developed the Advanced Risk Analysis backend for reCAPTCHA, which actively examines user interactions with CAPTCHA - before, during, and after - to determine if this user is human. This allows us to rely less on typing distorted text and, in turn, offer a better experience for users. We talked about this in our article "Valentine's Day" earlier this year.
If you were able to directly manipulate the style of the controls, you can easily intervene in the user profiling logic that makes the new reCAPTCHA possible.
What is a custom theme ?:
Now the new API offers a theme parameter with which you can select a given theme, for example light and dark . However, there is currently no way to create a custom theme. If we check the iframe , we find the name theme , which will be passed in the query string of the src attribute. This URL looks something like this.
https://www.google.com/recaptcha/api2/anchor?...&theme=dark&...
This parameter determines which CSS class name is used in the wrapper element in the iframe and determines the theme used.

Digging into the mini-source, I found that there are actually 4 valid topic values ββthat are greater than 2 specified in the documentation, but default and standard match light .

We can see the code that selects the class name from this object here.

There is no code for a custom theme, and if a different theme value is specified, it will use the standard theme.
In custody:
There is currently no way to fully stylize new reCAPTCHA elements, only shell elements around an iframe stylized. This was almost certainly done intentionally, so that users do not violate the logic of user profiling, which makes possible a new flag without an inscription. Maybe Google can implement a limited user theme API, perhaps letting you select custom colors for existing elements, but I would not expect Google to implement a full CSS style.