The first thing to remember when trying to programmatically interact with a banking site without express written permission from the bank will NOW be a violation of the agreement to use the website and may bring you more trouble than it costs.
Secondly, you do NOT want to run “training” trying to solve something massive and sensitive. Not that something happened with the ultimate goal, but it is a journey into a thousand leagues, and you need to take the first step.
I would say start with a simple programming environment like python or perl. Of course, you do not need to worry about links, libraries, code generation, etc. Approach the basics of what you want to achieve functionally; redefining them in C ++ or Java would be the next step.
To get started, focus on learning client-server programming.
Write a client, write a server, learn all about sockets, learn all about TCP programming,
then learn about secure socket layers (SSL) and transport layer security (TLS).
Once you do this, try switching to C ++ or Java and see if you can repeat the effect.
There are TONS textbooks on these topics.
Once you get used to it, find out what tools and libraries are already available for most common things. For example, libcurl is great for creating common Internet application protocol clients (HTTP, HTTPS, FTP, etc.).
See if you can create an interactive program with which you can “log in” using your web browser, which displays the material in XML format and formats it using cascading style sheets.
This should lead you into the javascript world, where there are powerful tools like jquery. If you mix and match them correctly, you will find that development can be ANY fun and pretty fast.
:-)
Happy trip.