First, you are probably confusing Unicode with a specific encoding. Suppose you know that termnal supports Unicode characters - you still don't know how to print them!
You are probably thinking of something like UTF-8, the most popular Unicode encoding.
To get the encoding of the current locale, use
locale charmap
This is the encoding of the current locale, and theoretically it may differ from the encoding used by the terminal, but in this case something is violated on the user side.
Roman cheplyaka
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