For each RavenDb index field, I can specify Storage, Sorting, Indexer, and Analyzer. When should I use / not use these attributes?
I tried to find a detailed description of these attributes, but failed.
There is good documentation here: http://ravendb.net/docs/client-api/querying/static-indexes/configuring-index-options
How to use / not use them: as needed. In most cases, you do not need to create a static index yourself and just rely on the ability of RavenDBs to dynamically create indexes based on your queries. However, if you want to do things like full-text search, field storage, or map / decrease indices, you will need to define a static index up.